Cappadocia, a land of surreal landscapes and ancient history, beckons travelers from near and far. Located in the heart of Turkey, this region offers a mesmerizing blend of natural wonders, historical sites, and unparalleled adventures.  

Underground cities and churches hewn from rock 

Cappadocia's history is intertwined with its unique geology. Millions of years ago, volcanic eruptions blanketed the region in ash, creating a surreal terrain of cone-shaped rock formations known as "fairy chimneys." Over time, people carved out these soft rocks to create underground cities, cave churches, and cave dwellings. 

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In 1963, a man once knocked down a wall in his basement and discovered the mysterious underground city of Derinkuyu standing with 18 stories.

Begin your exploration of Cappadocia's underground cities at Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı. These ancient subterranean complexes served as hiding places for early Christians escaping persecution and as defensive strongholds during invasions. Derinkuyu, in particular, descends to a depth of approximately 280 feet, revealing a labyrinthine network of rooms, passages, and ventilation shafts. 

Another must-see are the rock-cut churches and monasteries of Göreme, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Admire the intricate frescoes that adorn these ancient places of worship, offering a glimpse into Byzantine art and spirituality. Highlights include the Dark Church, renowned for its well-preserved frescoes, and the Buckle Church, featuring stunning depictions of biblical scenes. 

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Göreme

Diverse ways to explore Cappadocia 

Rise with the sun and take to the skies in a hot air balloon for a mesmerizing view of Cappadocia's fairy chimneys, valleys, and vineyards. The early morning light casts a magical spell over the landscape, creating a visual symphony of colors. As you drift above this surreal terrain, you'll feel like you've stepped into a dream. No two ways about it: this is one thing you simply have to do before you die. 

Back on Terra Firma, we’d urge you to also explore Cappadocia's unique terrain on foot or on horseback. Hiking and horseback riding trails wind through valleys and rock formations, providing opportunities to get up close and personal with this fantastical landscape. Rose Valley and Love Valley are popular choices, offering breathtaking vistas and intriguing rock formations – but there are hundreds (if not thousands) of other trails waiting to be discovered. 

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Travelers exploring and hiking hoodoo fairy chimney rock formations in Cappadocia, Turkey

For exploration of a different kind, dive into Turkish culture with a traditional dinner and dance show. Enjoy delectable dishes, foot-tapping music, and mesmerizing belly dancing performances. Cappadocian cuisine reflects the region’s rich history and agricultural heritage and includes specialties like manti (Turkish dumplings), testi kebab (slow-cooked meat in a clay pot), and apricot-based desserts.  

Also in the area 

While Cappadocia is definitely the jewel in the crown of central Turkey, we’d advise spending longer in the area and exploring some of the towns and valleys on its fringes.  

• Ihlara Valley: A short drive from Cappadocia, Ihlara Valley is a lush canyon that stretches for 14 kilometers along the Melendiz River. Hike along its trails to discover hidden rock-cut churches, tranquil streams, and striking natural beauty. The valley is a tranquil oasis, offering respite from the region's more bustling attractions. 

• Avanos: Known for its pottery traditions, the town of Avanos is an ideal place to witness artisans crafting intricate ceramics. You can even try your hand at pottery-making under the guidance of skilled craftsmen.  

• Ürgüp and Uçhisar: Explore the charming towns of Ürgüp and Uçhisar, each with its unique character. Ürgüp is famous for its cave hotels and vibrant bazaars, while Uçhisar boasts a towering rock-castle that offers panoramic views of Cappadocia. At the Uçhisar Castle, you can climb to the top for an unparalleled vista of the entire region. 

• Pigeon Valley: Named for the countless pigeonhouses carved into the cliffs, Pigeon Valley is a picturesque spot for hiking and photography. The view from the hilltops provides a breathtaking perspective of Cappadocia, especially during sunrise and sunset. 

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The vibrant, green Ihlara Valley